Gender, Family, and Adaptation of Migrants in Europe by Ionela Vlase & Bogdan Voicu

Author:Ionela Vlase & Bogdan Voicu
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

Socioeconomic Context

An optimal example of a Great Recession situation affecting migrants can be found in Italy, in the Veneto region of Northeast Italy. The area is one of the richest and most industrialized in the country, with a high migrant population. Moreover, it was hit relatively hard by the global economic crisis in the second half of the 2000s (Sacchetto and Vianello 2013).

Even though foreign labor in Italy increased in absolute terms during the crisis , when analyzing relative measures, the recession particularly pummelled working conditions among low-skilled migrant men compared with those of both native men and migrant women, pushing them toward even more precarious positions and reinforcing occupational segregation (Bonifazi and Marini 2014). For migrant men living in Northern Italy and employed in the manufacturing or construction industries, the probability of shifting from employment to unemployment and remaining jobless is significantly higher compared with that of Italian citizens, especially if they are non-EU citizens (Istat 2014). Conversely, migrant women have been affected less than their male counterparts because they are employed in sectors of the labor market that are less vulnerable to economic crises , such as domestic, cleaning, and personal home care services (Farris 2014). Likewise, during 2011–2013, the only positive dynamic detectable in the Italian labor market was in low-skilled and manual jobs, especially services for families (Fellini 2015).

Although the impact of the economic crisis on migrants’ employment has been pronounced, increasing their unemployment rates, it is also true that their levels of employment have remained quite high, as migrants are compelled to find new jobs in a short time (Reyneri 2010). The limited unemployment benefits for flexible workers tend to prevent long unemployment spells for migrants.

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